My analogy ;)
The chromosomes are the books. Genes are relatively small sections of DNA which encode making them the Words. DNA would be the letters.
Summary of Dna info :D
The relationship between chromosomes, DNA and genes is that DNA in chromosomes hold the information which is used to encode genes. Chromosomes are the structures found within a cell and contain genetic information which is passed from one generation to the next. Any gene is the sequence of DNA which will determine any particular trait. Proteins are what hold the chromosomes to the DNA. There are many Traits and traits are a single characteristic the makes each human unique from each other.
BACK bone:}
The phosphate is a poly-atomic ion with the empirical formula PO3−4.
A phosphate has a negative charge. It has one phosphate and 4 oxygens.
A phosphate has a negative charge. It has one phosphate and 4 oxygens.
Deoxyribose
A,C,G,T -
formula H-(C=O)-(CH2)-(CHOH)3-H.
derived from the sugar ribose by loss of an oxygen atom.
2-deoxyribose
A,C,G,T -
formula H-(C=O)-(CH2)-(CHOH)3-H.
derived from the sugar ribose by loss of an oxygen atom.
2-deoxyribose
Nucleotide
Inside XD
Nitrogenous bases are typically classified as the derivative sof 2 parent compounds pyrimidine and purine
bonts A and T that forms a double bond
bond C and G that forms a triple bond.
bonts A and T that forms a double bond
bond C and G that forms a triple bond.
Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. One of the three diazines, it has the nitrogens at positions 1 and 3 in the ring.
Cytosine & Thymine
Cytosine & Thymine
A purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. It consists of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Purines, including substituted purines and their tautomers, are the most widely occurring nitrogen-containing heterocycle in nature.
ADNEINE & GUANINE
ADNEINE & GUANINE
Franklin is best known for her work on the "X-ray diffraction images of DNA" this is what led to the discovery of the structure of DNA or the Double Helix shape. Franklin's
accurate interpretation of the data provided valuable insight into the DNA
structure, but Franklin's scientific contributions to the discovery of the
double helix are often overlooked :(
accurate interpretation of the data provided valuable insight into the DNA
structure, but Franklin's scientific contributions to the discovery of the
double helix are often overlooked :(
Chargaff's first rule state that DNA from any cell of all organisms will have the same number of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine. The rules that Chargaff created help lead to the discovery of the the double-helix shape.
worked with Francis Crick to figure out that DNA, the molecule of life, has a double helix structure.
So if you think about it he is kind of a beast :P
So if you think about it he is kind of a beast :P
"Crick is the other half of the great duo that discovered DNA. Starting their work in 1951, they final figured out the structure of DNA.Using the X-ray diffraction picture of Rosalind Franklin , Watson and Crick together developed a model for a helical structure of DNA, "double helix shape" which they published in 1953"
Dna extraction!!!
STEP 1:
In this step you would have them rinse there mouth out with salt water for 2 minutes.
STEP 2:
In this step you need to get inside of the cell. In order to do so you need to put extraction buffer into the salt water with the cells to break open the cell and release the DNA from the chromosome.
STEP 3:
For this step you'll need to put the salt water with extraction buffer into a tube.Next put ice cold alcohol on top and watch as the DNA clumps together and separates from all the other cell particles.
STEP 4:
In this step you'd take the DNA out and put it in another tube and enjoy it!!
In this step you would have them rinse there mouth out with salt water for 2 minutes.
STEP 2:
In this step you need to get inside of the cell. In order to do so you need to put extraction buffer into the salt water with the cells to break open the cell and release the DNA from the chromosome.
STEP 3:
For this step you'll need to put the salt water with extraction buffer into a tube.Next put ice cold alcohol on top and watch as the DNA clumps together and separates from all the other cell particles.
STEP 4:
In this step you'd take the DNA out and put it in another tube and enjoy it!!
A restriction enzyme (or restriction endonuclease) is an enzyme that cuts DNA at or near specific recognition nucleotide sequences known asrestriction sites. Restriction enzymes are commonly classified into three types, which differ in their structure and whether they cut their DNAsubstrate at their recognition site, or if the recognition and cleavage sites are separate from one another. To cut DNA, all restriction enzymes make two incisions, once through each sugar-phosphate backbone (i.e. each strand) of the DNA double helix.
pcr
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a biochemical technology in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece ofDNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.
rflps
In molecular biology, restriction fragment length polymorphism, or RFLP (commonly pronounced “rif-lip”), is a technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences. It refers to adifference between samples of homologous DNA molecules that come from differing locations of restriction enzyme sites, and to a related laboratory technique by which these segments can be illustrated. In RFLP analysis, the DNA sample is broken into pieces (digested) by restriction enzymes and the resulting restriction fragments are separated according to their lengths by gel electrophoresis. Although now largely obsolete due to the rise of inexpensive DNA sequencing technologies, RFLP analysis was the first DNA profiling technique inexpensive enough to see widespread application. In addition to genetic fingerprinting, RFLP was an important tool in genome mapping, localization of genes for genetic disorders, determination of risk for disease, andpaternity testing.
MRS.HISRICH I was absent the day you really went over RFLPS so I don't have a full understanding so I studied this page and pulled info from it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_fragment_length_polymorphism
MRS.HISRICH I was absent the day you really went over RFLPS so I don't have a full understanding so I studied this page and pulled info from it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_fragment_length_polymorphism
Gel Results
ANAS BLOOD IS AT THE CRIME SCENE!!